^{6 Based on an operational control approach, as defined by WRI GHG Protocol and scope guidance. Boundaries include all material operating locations as they operated during the 2024 reporting period. In early 2025, we announced the agreement to sell our Fiber segment, which includes our fiber and small cell assets, with the transaction expected to close in the first half of 2026. When consummated, the transaction will change our energy consumption and emissions profile in future years as we transition to a pure-play tower business.}

^{7 Where actual consumption data was not available, we used a sampling approach or public information, such as equipment fuel efficiency and power ratings, to estimate fuel and energy consumption.}

^{8 Electricity consumption and resulting emissions associated with HVAC systems situated in ground shelters at our tower sites are calculated based on the applicable energy consumption factors for each type of HVAC unit (e.g., central air, window unit, etc.) that was operational in 2024 at such sites, taking into account assumptions regarding (i) customer tenancy at company owned shelters, (ii) customer reliance (or lack thereof) on our HVAC units and (iii) HVAC system operations in unoccupied shelters. The 2024 analysis identified that HVAC electricity use was incorrectly included for units located in unoccupied shelters in 2022 and 2023. This has been corrected in the 2024 calculation.}

^{11 Based on estimated allocation between diesel and gasoline vehicles.}

^{12 Refrigerant estimates were determined using vehicle data, active HVAC unit data, and assumed refrigeration and HVAC systems in office and warehouse spaces, based on square footage, using the EPA’s Accounting Tool to Support Federal Reporting of Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions: Supporting Documentation (Oct. 2016).}

^{13 Based on an operational control approach, as defined by World Resource Institute (WRI) GHG Protocol and scope guidance. Boundaries include all material operating locations as they operated during the 2024 reporting period. In early 2025, we announced the agreement to sell our Fiber segment, which includes our fiber and small cell assets, with the transaction expected to close in the first half of 2026. When consummated, the transaction will change our energy consumption and emissions profile in future years as we transition to a pure-play tower business.}

^{14 We used emission factors from 40 CFR Part 98 Tables C-1 and C-2 and EPA eGRID factors. Global Warming Potential documented in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR5 report was used to calculate CO₂e for methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O).}

^{15 Our 2022 - 2024 Scope 2 emissions were calculated using WRI GHG Protocol’s market-based method. Prior years’ Scope 2 emissions calculations were reported using WRI GHG Protocol’s location-based method. Refer to the Environmental Data Tables for Scope 2 emissions calculated using the location-based method covering the years indicated therein.}

^{16 Scope 3 emissions were calculated using the Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard: Supplement to the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. Scope 3 emissions quantification is subject to significant inherent measurement uncertainty due to the emissions being outside of Crown Castle’s organizational boundaries, where the company has limited control over the availability of primary data. Additionally, uncertainties arise from (1) using GHG emissions factors, which are themselves estimates, in mathematical models for calculating emissions and (2) the models' inability, due to incomplete scientific knowledge and other factors, to precisely measure the relationship between various inputs and the resultant GHG emissions in all scenarios. In early 2025, we announced the sale of our small cells and fiber solutions businesses, with the transaction expected to close in the first half of 2026. This transaction will change our emissions profile in future years as we transition to a towers-focused business model.}

^{17 Scope 3 emissions from Category 13: Downstream leased assets were calculated separately for tower, small cell, and fiber customers, with emissions across all three asset types calculated by zip code to align with the correct eGRID regions. For tower customer energy use, we applied the average data method, estimating annual consumption per tower for each of our largest customers individually and grouping similar smaller customers together based on their anticipated energy use profiles. These estimates were validated with a sample of our largest customers. Where applicable, customer renewable energy contributions were factored in to reduce market-based emissions, using publicly reported data. For small cell customers, we estimated average equipment electricity use based on device type and location. For fiber customers, we calculated average energy consumption based on service type and speed.}

^{18 Scope 3 emissions from Category 1: Purchased goods and services and Category 2: Capital goods were calculated using the spend-based method based on the economic value of goods and services purchased or acquired as recorded in Crown Castle’s financial reporting system. Certain spend categories, such as taxes, land rent, and payroll-related spend, are not included in the analysis because Crown Castle determined that there are not significant emissions associated with the spend. Total category spend was multiplied by the corresponding NAICS emissions factors from NAICS v1.3 (2024).}

^{19 Other Scope 3 emissions include categories that Crown Castle believes are individually less material to our overall footprint but are relevant to our operations, including fuel- and energy-related activities, upstream transportation and distribution, waste generated in operations, business travel, employee commuting, and upstream leased assets. Refer to the Environmental Data Tables for our comprehensive emissions inventory and additional detail regarding the calculation approaches utilized.}

^{23 We used emissions factors from U.S. EPA, 2024, Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Table 9 (waste).}