A map of ESG topics organized by potential impact to Crown Castle operations and by importance to stakeholders, which is used to help guide ESG strategy and focus.

The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is an international independent standards organization that helps businesses, governments and other organizations understand and communicate their impacts on issues such as climate change, human rights and corruption.

The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) standards provide industry-specific reporting standards that aim to identify sustainability topics and their associated metrics that may be relevant for the typical company in an industry.

The Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations are structured around four thematic areas— governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics and targets—to help investors and others understand how reporting organizations think about and assess climate-related risks and opportunities.